9i果冻制作厂

　　“具身智能技术发展与产业应用”是国鸿智库研究的未来产业课题。我们意通过政策研读、公司调研、行业研究、技术研讨、资本对接等一系列工作，演绎成系列专题文章对行业进行拆解和解读，以抽丝剥茧的方式以“惭贰颁贰（相互独立，完全穷尽）”的理念尽量对“具身智能产业政策、产业链图谱、产业关键成功要素、具身智能技术应用、具身智能场景落地、具身智能发展趋势、具身智能龙头公司发展、具身智能产业投融资”等一系列主题进行深入地探究。

　　The development and industrial application of embodied intelligence technology "is a future industry topic that Guohong Think Tank focuses on researching. We intend to deconstruct and interpret the industry through a series of work such as policy research, enterprise investigation, industry research, technology seminars, and capital docking, and use the concept of "MECE (mutually independent, completely exhaustive)" to explore in-depth topics such as "embodied intelligence industry policies, industry chain maps, key success factors of industries, embodied intelligence technology applications, embodied intelligence scene implementation, embodied intelligence development trends, embodied intelligence leading enterprise development, embodied intelligence industry investment and financing".

　　“具身智能技术发展与产业应用”研究需要搭建生态平台开展综合研究。2025年作为具身智能发展元年，开启了产业化发展的序幕，但行业发展需要政策、技术、资本、人才等多维要素的驱动，同时也存在诸多新兴产业发展面临的系列问题，尤其是技术发展和产业应用需要重大突破。我们将发布系列主题文章，还会陆续举办具身智能技术发展研讨会、行业应用研讨会、场景应用推介会、产业链投融资对接会、场景应用展会、具身智能研修培训等系列活动，为该研究搭建开放平台，构建研究生态！

　　The research on the development and industrial application of embodied intelligence technology requires the establishment of an ecological platform for comprehensive research. As the first year of embodied intelligence development, 2025 marks the beginning of industrialization. However, industry development requires multidimensional factors such as policies, technology, capital, and talent to drive it. At the same time, there are also a series of problems faced by emerging industries, especially the need for significant breakthroughs in technological development and industrial applications. We will publish a series of themed articles and hold various activities such as seminars on the development of embodied intelligence technology, industry application seminars, scenario application promotion conferences, industry chain investment and financing docking conferences, scenario application exhibitions, embodied intelligence training, etc., to build an open platform and research ecosystem for this research!

　　决定机器人性能的“隐形”——丝杠

　　The 'invisible king' that determines robot performance - screw

　　引言：具身智能时代的硬件突围

　　Introduction: Hardware Breakthrough in the Era of embodied intelligence

　　在人工智能发展进程中，大模型不断提升机器的认知与决策能力，而具身智能则让机器人具备与现实环境交互的能力，其中人形机器人是重要方向之一。制约机器人从实验环境迈向真实应用的，不仅是算法与控制系统，还包括精密的机电结构与关键执行部件。在机器人复杂的动力链条中，丝杠承担着传递驱动力、支撑高负载动作的核心任务，是决定机器人能否稳定行走、完成起落与操控的关键部件。

　　In the development process of artificial intelligence, large models continuously enhance the cognitive and decision-making abilities of machines, while embodied intelligence enables robots to interact with the real environment, among which humanoid robots are one of the important directions. The constraints for robots to move from experimental environments to real applications are not only algorithms and control systems, but also precise electromechanical structures and key execution components. In the complex power chain of robots, the screw undertakes the core task of transmitting driving force and supporting high load actions, and is a key component that determines whether the robot can walk stably, complete takeoff and landing, and control.

　　核心概念拆解：力传递链中的“阿喀琉斯之踵”

　　Core concept breakdown: The Achilles' heel in the force transmission chain

　　1.机器人的“肌腱”如果把电机比作心脏，计算机比作大脑，那么丝杠就是机器人的“肌腱”。它负责将电机的高速旋转转化为关节的大推力直线运动。

　　If the motor is compared to the heart and the computer is compared to the brain, then the screw is the "tendon" of the robot. It is responsible for converting the high-speed rotation of the motor into high thrust linear motion of the joints.

　　图1：机器人力传递链解剖图2.拒绝“点头”：刚度的奥义当特斯拉 Optimus 尝试单腿站立时，膝关节承受巨大压力。如果丝杠轴向刚度不足，就会像弹簧一样被压缩，导致小腿动作滞后于电机指令，产生“受力点头”甚跌倒。高端丝杠必须保证“力随意动”。

　　Figure 1: Anatomy of the robot human transmission chain. 2. Refusing to nod: The mystery of stiffness. When Tesla Optimus attempts to stand on one leg, the knee joint is under tremendous pressure. If the axial stiffness of the screw is insufficient, it will be compressed like a spring, causing the calf movement to lag behind the motor command, resulting in "force nodding" or even falling. High end lead screws must ensure 'force follows intention'.

　　3.背隙与死区螺母与丝杆间的微小缝隙叫“背隙”。在关节换向瞬间（如伸腿变收腿），背隙会导致电机空转，形成控制“死区”，引发撞击和磨损。背隙需要极高精度的预紧力控制。

　　3. The small gap between the back clearance and dead zone nut and the screw is called the "back clearance". At the moment of joint reversal (such as leg extension to leg retraction), the backlash can cause the motor to idle, forming a control "dead zone" that can cause impact and wear. Eliminating backlash requires extremely precise preload control.

　　技术路线：从性价比到高性能

　　Technical roadmap: From cost-effectiveness to high performance

　　并非所有关节都需要配置，工程师需要在成本与性能间做选择题。图2：叁种丝杠结构对比透视图表1：主流丝杠技术路线对比

　　Not all joints require top-level configuration, engineers need to choose between cost and performance. Figure 2: Comparison of Three Screw Structures Perspective Chart 1: Comparison of Mainstream Screw Technology Routes

　　制造鸿沟：从“能做”到“做好”

　　Creating a Gap: From 'Being Able to Do' to 'Doing Well'

　　国产丝杠的样品性能已与海外产物相差无几，但在量产一致性与使用寿命上与海外产物相比仍有明显差距。这背后是基础工业的较量。

　　The sample performance of domestically produced lead screws is almost the same as that of overseas products, but there is still a significant gap in mass production consistency and service life compared to overseas products. Behind this is the competition of basic industries.

　　1. 材料纯净度的战争高端丝杠的寿命取决于钢材。海外巨头使用经过真空感答应熔炼+真空自耗重熔 (VIM+VAR)的钢材，氧含量极低（<5ppm），通过控制非金属夹杂物来防止疲劳剥落。

　　The lifespan of high-end screw rods in terms of material purity depends on the steel used. Overseas giants use steel that has undergone vacuum induction melting and vacuum self consumption remelting (VIM+VAR), with extremely low oxygen content (<5ppm), to prevent fatigue spalling by controlling non-metallic inclusions.

　　表2：普通钢材与高纯净轴承钢对比2.隐形杀手：磨削烧伤为了追求产量加快磨削速度，会导致工件表面瞬时高温，发生肉眼不可见的“烧伤”（金相组织转变），使寿命指数级下降。国外已普及巴克豪森噪声无损检测，而国内部分厂商仍缺乏这种全检手段。

　　Table 2: Comparison between ordinary steel and high-purity bearing steel. 2. Invisible killer: Grinding burn. In order to pursue production and accelerate grinding speed, it will cause instantaneous high temperature on the surface of the workpiece, resulting in invisible "burns" (metallographic structure transformation) and a decrease in life index. Barkhausen noise non-destructive testing has been popularized abroad, but some domestic manufacturers still lack this comprehensive testing method.

　　3.工艺路线之争精密磨削：精度，但效率低、成本高，易烧伤。硬旋铣：新兴工艺，效率高，更，正成为量产主流。冷滚压：成本，但精度难控制，模具挑战大。

　　3. Debate over process routes: Precision grinding has the highest accuracy, but low efficiency, high cost, and is prone to burns. Hard rotary milling: an emerging technology with high efficiency and environmental friendliness, is becoming the mainstream of mass production. Cold rolling: The lowest cost, but difficult to control accuracy, and the mold challenge is great.

　　市场格局：海外护城河与突围

　　Market pattern: Overseas moat and China's breakthrough

　　1.海外巨头的壁垒2024年全球市场约1.20亿美元，预计2031年增4.07亿美元，年复合增长率约20%。前五大公司瑞士的搁辞濒濒惫颈蝉、骋厂础，瑞典的贰飞别濒濒颈虫、美国的惭辞辞驳合计约占57.7%。

　　1. The barriers of overseas giants: The global market is expected to reach approximately $120 million in 2024, and is expected to increase to $407 million in 2031, with a compound annual growth rate of about 20%. The top five companies, Rollvis and GSA from Switzerland, Ewellix from Sweden, and Moog from the United States, together account for approximately 57.7%.

　　表3：国际头部丝杠公司信息来源：网路信息总结这些公司能够稳居金字塔顶端，关键在于其掌握精密研磨制造能力、规格覆盖、长期服务航天/国防/机器人等高门槛应用，并凭借信誉与全球供应链优势形成难以替代的结构性壁垒。

　　Table 3: Information sources of international leading screw companies: Summary of online information. These companies are able to maintain their position at the top of the pyramid due to their mastery of precision grinding manufacturing capabilities, comprehensive specification coverage, long-term service for high threshold applications such as aerospace/defense/robotics, and the formation of irreplaceable structural barriers with brand reputation and global supply chain advantages.

　　2.路径与玩家盘点国内厂商正通过“全产业链协同”进行突围，利用从钢材到磨床的本土优势降低成本。

　　2. China's Path and Player Inventory: Domestic manufacturers are breaking through through through "full industry chain collaboration" and utilizing their local advantages from steel to grinding machines to reduce costs.

　　表4：国内丝杠核心公司与现状信息来源：网路信息总结

　　Table 4: Core domestic screw enterprises and current situation Information source: Summary of online information

　　3.追赶策略：数据闭环缩短差距的捷径是与头部机器人厂商建立“联合实验室”。利用主机厂的整机测试数据反哺零部件设计，形成“使用-失效-分析-改进”的数据闭环。

　　3. Catch up strategy: The only shortcut to narrowing the gap in data closed-loop is to establish a "joint laboratory" with leading robot manufacturers. Utilize the testing data of the host factory to feedback the design of components, forming a data loop of "use failure analysis improvement".

　　结语：从奢侈品到工业消费品

　　Conclusion: From luxury goods to industrial consumer goods

　　行星滚柱丝杠，这个曾经只在航天领域使用的“奢侈品”，必须走下神坛，成为像轴承一样的高标准、低成本“工业消费品”。对于 Rollvis 等国际巨头这是挑战，对于五洲新春、北特科技等公司则是千载难逢的机遇。谁能率先解决“低成本量产”与“高可靠性”的矛盾，谁就掌握了通往具身智能时代的入场券。

　　The planetary roller screw, once only used in the aerospace industry as a luxury item, must step down from its pedestal and become a high standard, low-cost "industrial consumer product" like bearings. For international giants like Rollvis, this is a challenge, while for Chinese companies like Wuzhou Xinchun and Beite Technology, it is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Whoever can first solve the contradiction between "low-cost mass production" and "high reliability" holds the ticket to the era of embodied intelligence.